14.1. Data Types

Presto has a set of built-in data types, described below. Additional types can be provided by plugins.

Note

Connectors are not required to support all types. See connector documentation for details on supported types.

Boolean
Integer
Floating-Point
Fixed-Precision
String
Date and Time
Structural
Network Address

Boolean

`BOOLEAN`

This type captures boolean values true and false.

Integer

`TINYINT`

A 8-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of -2^7 and a maximum value of 2^7 - 1.

`SMALLINT`

A 16-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of -2^15 and a maximum value of 2^15 - 1.

`INTEGER`

A 32-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of -2^31 and a maximum value of 2^31 - 1. The name INT is also available for this type.

`BIGINT`

A 64-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of -2^63 and a maximum value of 2^63 - 1.

Floating-Point

`REAL`

A real is a 32-bit inexact, variable-precision implementing the IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.

`DOUBLE`

A double is a 64-bit inexact, variable-precision implementing the IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.

Fixed-Precision

`DECIMAL`

A fixed precision decimal number. Precision up to 38 digits is supported but performance is best up to 18 digits.

The decimal type takes two literal parameters:

precision - total number of digits

scale - number of digits in fractional part. Scale is optional and defaults to 0.

Example type definitions: DECIMAL(10,3), DECIMAL(20)

Example literals: DECIMAL '10.3', DECIMAL '1234567890', 1.1

Note

For compatibility reasons decimal literals without explicit type specifier (e.g. 1.2) are treated as the values of the DOUBLE type by default, but this is subject to change in future releases. This behavior is controlled by:

System wide property: parse-decimal-literals-as-double

Session wide property: parse_decimal_literals_as_double

String

`VARCHAR`

Variable length character data with an optional maximum length.

Example type definitions: varchar, varchar(20)

`CHAR`

Fixed length character data. A CHAR type without length specified has a default length of 1. A CHAR(x) value always has x characters. For instance, casting dog to CHAR(7) adds 4 implicit trailing spaces. Leading and trailing spaces are included in comparisons of CHAR values. As a result, two character values with different lengths (CHAR(x) and CHAR(y) where x != y) will never be equal.

Example type definitions: char, char(20)

`VARBINARY`

Variable length binary data.

Note

Binary strings with length are not yet supported: varbinary(n)

`JSON`

JSON value type, which can be a JSON object, a JSON array, a JSON number, a JSON string, true, false or null.

Date and Time

Also see Legacy Timestamp

`DATE`

Calendar date (year, month, day).

Example: DATE '2001-08-22'

`TIME`

Time of day (hour, minute, second, millisecond) without a time zone. Values of this type are parsed and rendered in the session time zone.

Example: TIME '01:02:03.456'

`TIME WITH TIME ZONE`

Time of day (hour, minute, second, millisecond) with a time zone. Values of this type are rendered using the time zone from the value.

Example: TIME '01:02:03.456 America/Los_Angeles'

`TIMESTAMP`

Instant in time that includes the date and time of day without a time zone. Values of this type are parsed and rendered in the session time zone.

Example: TIMESTAMP '2001-08-22 03:04:05.321'

`TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`

Instant in time that includes the date and time of day with a time zone. Values of this type are rendered using the time zone from the value.

Example: TIMESTAMP '2001-08-22 03:04:05.321 America/Los_Angeles'

`INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH`

Span of years and months.

Example: INTERVAL '3' MONTH

`INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND`

Span of days, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds.

Example: INTERVAL '2' DAY

Structural

`ARRAY`

An array of the given component type.

Example: ARRAY[1, 2, 3]

`MAP`

A map between the given component types.

Example: MAP(ARRAY['foo', 'bar'], ARRAY[1, 2])

`ROW`

A structure made up of named fields. The fields may be of any SQL type, and are accessed with field reference operator .

Example: CAST(ROW(1, 2.0) AS ROW(x BIGINT, y DOUBLE))

Network Address

`IPADDRESS`

An IP address that can represent either an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Internally, the type is a pure IPv6 address. Support for IPv4 is handled using the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address range (RFC 4291#section-2.5.5.2). When creating an IPADDRESS, IPv4 addresses will be mapped into that range. When formatting an IPADDRESS, any address within the mapped range will be formatted as an IPv4 address. Other addresses will be formatted as IPv6 using the canonical format defined in RFC 5952.

Examples: IPADDRESS '10.0.0.1', IPADDRESS '2001:db8::1'